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Articles

Accrual-Based Earnings Management under External Pressure: Evidence from FAST and PZZA Using the Modified Jones Model

  • 1*,2,3 Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon

* Corresponding Author: Maya Ismayanti

Open Access
DOI
https://doi.org/10.59431/ijer.v6i2.884
Published
Pages
999-1008

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)

Indonesian Journal Economic Review (IJER)
June

Abstract

This observe objectives to research warning signs of accrual-primarily based profits management at PT fast meals Indonesia Tbk (rapid) and PT Sarimelati Kencana Tbk (PZZA) all through the 2020–2024 length, while both businesses confronted outside pressures within the shape of the COVID-19 pandemic and consumer boycott sentiment. This examine employs a quantitative method the usage of secondary facts inside the form of the organizations’ annual monetary statements for the 2020–2024 duration. profits control turned into measured using the changed Jones model by way of calculating general accruals, non-discretionary accruals, and discretionary accruals. The consequences suggest that each groups skilled a discrepancy among internet earnings and running cash go with the flow, as meditated in terrible general accruals throughout the observation period. notwithstanding facing exceedingly similar outside pressures, fast constantly exhibited high quality discretionary accruals starting from 0.3296 to 0.3416 (suggest ±0.338), while PZZA constantly exhibited bad discretionary accruals starting from -0.3742 to -0.3209 (mean ±-0.343). these findings indicate that speedy tended to interact in income-growing accruals, even as PZZA tended to have interaction in profits-decreasing accruals all through the remark period. moreover, the results display that even though both groups faced tremendously comparable outside pressures, their responses in terms of discretionary accruals did not comply with a uniform sample. The response to outside pressures thru discretionary accruals became extra stimulated by using business enterprise characteristics and the particular situations faced by way of each enterprise. additionally, the modified Jones model used on this take a look at served as an indicative device for figuring out discretionary accruals. 

Keywords

Accrual-Primarily Based Earnings Control Discretionary Accruals Changed Jones Version Income Bes External Pressures Fast-Meals Companies

How to Cite

Ismayanti, M., Jufri, A., & Ernanto. (2026). Accrual-Based Earnings Management under External Pressure: Evidence from FAST and PZZA Using the Modified Jones Model. Indonesian Journal Economic Review (IJER), 6(2), 999-1008. https://doi.org/10.59431/ijer.v6i2.884

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Author Biographies

  • Maya Ismayanti, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon

    Management Study Program, The Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Cirebon City, West Java Province, Indonesia.

  • Ali Jufri, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon

    Management Study Program, The Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Cirebon City, West Java Province, Indonesia.

  • Ernanto, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon

    Management Study Program, The Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Cirebon City, West Java Province, Indonesia.

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Copyright (c) 2026 Maya Ismayanti, Ali Jufri, Ernanto Ernanto

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